A systemic review on association between on maternal atmospheric pollution exposure during pregnancy and childhood obesity / 环境与职业医学

Background Maternal atmospheric pollution during pregnancy may alter fetal intrauterine development programming, thereby increasing the risk of childhood obesity in the future. Objective To investigate the effects of atmospheric pollution exposure during pregnancy on the incidence of childhood obesity in offspring. Methods English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline) and Chinese databases (Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform) were searched for literature reporting exposure to atmospheric pollution during pregnancy and childhood obesity published from 1 January 2000 to 31 August 2023. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the quality assessment tools for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies recommended by the US National Institutes of Health. Results Twenty-four studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified and the associated atmospheric pollutants included particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen oxide, carbon oxide, and sulfur oxide. In comparison to the non-exposed group, prenatal exposure to various common atmospheric pollutants were significantly associated with an elevated risk of childhood obesity in offspring. Conclusion Maternal exposure to atmospheric pollution during pregnancy is associated with an elevated risk of childhood obesity in subsequent years. Future studies should pay more attention to the effects of atmospheric pollution on the distribution of children's body fat and metabolic development, and further identify potential mechanisms of atmospheric pollutant exposure leading to childhood obesity.

Reactivation of PPARα alleviates myocardial lipid accumulation and cardiac dysfunction by improving fatty acid β-oxidation in Dsg2-deficient arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), a fatal heart disease characterized by fibroadipocytic replacement of cardiac myocytes, accounts for 20% of sudden cardiac death and lacks effective treatment. It is often caused by mutations in desmosome proteins, with Desmoglein-2 (DSG2) mutations as a common etiology. However, the mechanism underlying the accumulation of fibrofatty in ACM remains unknown, which impedes the development of curative treatment. Here we investigated the fat accumulation and the underlying mechanism in a mouse model of ACM induced by cardiac-specific knockout of Dsg2 (CS-Dsg2 -/-). Heart failure and cardiac lipid accumulation were observed in CS-Dsg2 -/- mice. We demonstrated that these phenotypes were caused by decline of fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation resulted from impaired mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Rapamycin worsened while overexpression of mTOR and 4EBP1 rescued the FA β-oxidation pathway in CS-Dsg2 -/- mice. Reactivation of PPARα by fenofibrate or AAV9-Pparα significantly alleviated the lipid accumulation and restored cardiac function. Our results suggest that impaired mTOR-4EBP1-PPARα-dependent FA β-oxidation contributes to myocardial lipid accumulation in ACM and PPARα may be a potential target for curative treatment of ACM.

Investigation on the perception of medical school learning environment among freshmen / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To assess freshmen's perception of medical university learning environment, and to provide evidence and suggestions for the university to improve its learning environment in a targeted way.Methods:From March to April 2020, JHLES (Johns Hopkins University Learning Environment Scale) questionnaires were distributed to 260 freshmen from a military medical university. The influence factors of students' scores were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and general linear model. SAS 9.4 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 244 valid questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 93.85%(244/260). The average score of inclusion and safety dimension was the lowest (2.21±1.08), while the average score of community of peers' dimension was the highest (4.41±0.54). There were significant differences among gender, whether one-child, parents' education level, overall learning environment evaluation and learning interest (all P<0.05). Gender ( P<0.05), learning interest ( P<0.05) and maternal education ( P<0.05) were main influencing factors of students' learning environment perception. Conclusion:Medical universities should further encourage good relationship among students, and enhance students' interest in learning through various measures, especially for female students and students who has relative poorer maternal education.

Efficacy of dexmedetomidine on painless gastroenteroscopy in patients recovered from COVID-19 / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine on painless gastroenteroscopy in the patients recovered from COVID-19.Methods:Eighty patients of either sex, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index <30 kg/m 2, undergoing elective painless gastroenteroscopy, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠor Ⅱ, within 2nd to 7th weeks after diagnosis of COVID-19, who had a negative nucleic acid test or antigen test at present and presented with no respiratory symptoms in our hospital from January to February 2023, were selected and divided into 2 groups ( n=40 each) using a random number table method: dexmedetomidine group (group D) and control group (group C). Sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg was intravenously injected in two groups. Dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/kg was intravenously injected in group D, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. Propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg was intravenously injected after 2-3 min observation, and propofol 5-7 mg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused to maintain sedation during operation. The development of bucking and hypoxemia during operation, total consumption of propofol, emergence time, time of hospital discharge, development of bradycardia and hypotension during operation, and scores for patients′ and endoscopic physicians′ satisfaction with anesthesia were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the incidence of bucking and hypoxemia was significantly decreased, scores for endoscopic physicians′ satisfaction with anesthesia were increased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the other parameters in group D ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Low-dose dexmedetomidine can reduce the risk of bucking and hypoxemia during operation and raise the quality of anesthesia in the patients recovered from COVID-19 undergoing painless gastroenteroscopy.

LRG1 inhibits hepatic macrophage activation by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling to alleviate MAFLD in mice / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) derived from hepatocytes on activation of hepatic M1 Kupffer cells.@*METHODS@#A metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) model was established in BALB/c mice by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 16 weeks. Oleic acid was used to induce steatosis in primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes. The mRNA and protein expressions of LRG1 in mouse liver tissues and hepatocytes were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Primary hepatic macrophages were stimulated with the conditioned medium (CM) from steatotic hepatocyte along with LRG1 or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), or both for 24 h, and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was detected with Western botting, and the mRNA expressions of iNOS, chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured by RT-PCR. The MAFLD mice were injected with LRG1 (n=6), TGF-β1 (n=6), or both (n=6) through the caudal vein, and the live tissues were collected for HE staining and immumohistochemical detection of F4/80 expression; the mRNA expressions of iNOS, CXCL-1 and IL-1β in liver tissues were detected using RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#The mRNA and protein expression levels of LRG1 were significantly downregulated in the liver tissues of MAFLD mice and steatotic hepatocytes (P < 0.05). Treatment of the hepatic macrophages with CM from steatosis hepatocytes significantly enhanced the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, CXCL-1 and IL-1β, and these changes were significantly inhibited by the combined treatment with TGF-β1 and LRG1 (P < 0.05). In MAFLD mice, injections with either LRG1 or TGF-β1 alone reduced hepatic lipid deposition and intrahepatic macrophage infiltration, and these effects were significantly enhanced by their combined treatment, which also more strongly inhibited the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, CXCL-1 and IL-1β (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#LRG1 inhibits hepatic macrophage infiltration by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling to alleviate fatty liver inflammation in MAFLD mice.

Efficacy evaluation of acupuncture combined with acupoint application in the treatment of intestinal dysfunction secondary to mechanical ventilation in elderly patients with emergency sepsis / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To compare the efficacy of conventional Western medicine alone and acupuncture combined with acupoint application in treating intestinal dysfunction secondary to mechanical ventilation in elderly patients with emergency sepsis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 111 elderly patients with mechanical ventilation for sepsis admitted to the emergency department of Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to June 2021. They were divided into two groups according to the time of admission: Western medicine treatment group alone (patients from January 2019 to December 2019, n=47) and acupuncture combined with acupoint application group (patients from January 2020 to June 2021, n=64). Acupuncture combined with acupoint application group was treated with acupuncture combined with acupoint application on the basis of conventional Western medicine. The intestinal dysfunction score, abdominal circumference and mortality after 4 weeks were compared between the two groups. Results:The abdominal circumference and intestinal dysfunction score in acupuncture combined with acupoint application group were significantly lower than those before treatment [(100.56±9.34)cm vs (106.25±9.74)cm; (0.92±0.72)point vs (2.31±0.69)point, all P< 0.05], while there was no significant difference in the above indexes before and after treatment in the Western medicine treatment group (all P>0.05). The abdominal circumference, intestinal dysfunction score and mortality after 4 weeks in the acupuncture combined with acupoint application group were significantly lower than those in the Western medicine treatment group [(100.56±9.34)cm vs (108.09±10.52)cm; (0.92±0.72)point vs (2.43±0.62)point; (29.7%, 19/64) vs (48.9%, 23/47), all P<0.05]. Conclusions:The curative effect of acupuncture combined with acupoint application in the treatment of intestinal dysfunction secondary to mechanical ventilation in elderly patients with sepsis in emergency is better than that of routine treatment of Western medicine alone. The gastrointestinal function and prognosis of patients have been significantly improved, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Modified Shuyuwan Mediated Mitochondrial Autophagy Improve APP/PS1 Mice Oxidative Stress Injury and Ability of Learning and Memory / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effects and related mechanisms of modified Shuyuwan on the decline of learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice. MethodForty 5-month-old SPF APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into model group， Donepezil group， modified Shuyuwan group， modified Shuyuwan+ chloroquine （CQ） group， 10 mice in each group， the same background wild type C57BL/6J ten mice were set as the normal group. Among them， the modified Shuyuwan group was given the modified Shuyuwan decoction （10 g·kg-1）， the Donepezil group was given the Donepezil hydrochloride solution （0.45 mg·kg-1）， the modified Shuyuwan + CQ group was CQ （10 mg·kg-1） was injected intraperitoneally on the basis of the modified Shuyuwan group， and the normal group and the model group were given the same amount of normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for a total of 35 days. After the administration， Morris water maze experiment and new object recognition experiment to detect the spatial memory ability of mice. TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling（TUNEL） staining to detect the apoptosis level of mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons， biochemical detection of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and superoxide in mouse hippocampal neurons dismutase （SOD） levels. transmission electron microscopy to observe the ultrastructure of neuronal mitochondria in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampus. Western blot to detect mouse hippocampal mitochondrial autophagy adaptor protein （p62） and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ （LC3Ⅱ）， PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1）， E3 Ubiquitin Ligase（Parkin）protein expression level. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） detection of mouse hippocampal mitochondrial forkhead transcription factor O1 （FoxO1）， PINK1， Parkin mRNA expression level. ResultCompared with the normal group， the escape latency of the model group mice increased significantly， the number of crossing platforms and the retention time in the target quadrant decreased significantly， the relative resolution index decreased significantly， and the ability to recognize new objects was weakened （P<0.05）， neurons in the hippocampus CA1 area decreased. The number of dead cells increased significantly （P<0.05）， the level of ROS was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the level of SOD was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， the morphology of hippocampal mitochondria was severely damaged， the expression of p62 and LC3Ⅱ proteins increased （P<0.01）， Parkin protein expression decreased （P<0.05）， and PINK1 protein expression increased （P<0.05）， FoxO1， PINK1， Parkin mRNA expressions all decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the mice's escape latency was significantly shortened after the intervention of the modified Shuyuwan， the number of crossing platforms and the proportion of residence time in the target quadrant increased significantly， the relative resolution index increased significantly， and the ability to identify new objects was enhanced （P<0.05）. Apoptotic cells were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. ROS levels were significantly reduced （P<0.01）， and SOD levels were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， mitochondrial morphology and various structures were significantly improved， p62， LC3Ⅱ protein expression decrease （P<0.05，P<0.01）， PINK1， Parkin protein expression increased （P<0.01）. FoxO1， PINK1， Parkin mRNA expression increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the modified Shuyuwan group， the evasion latency of mice in the modified Shuyuwan + CQ group increased significantly， the number of crossing platforms and the proportion of residence time in the target quadrant decreased， and the relative resolution index decreased （P<0.05）， the SOD level was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. The damage of mitochondrial morphology and structure increased again， the expression of p62 and LC3Ⅱ protein increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression of PINK1 and Parkin decreased significantly（P<0.05， P<0.01）. FoxO1， PINK1， and Parkin mRNA expression was significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionModified Shuyuwan can effectively improve the oxidative stress damage and learning and memory ability of AD mice. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of FoxO1， PINK1， and Parkin factors， promoting mitochondrial autophagy， reducing oxidative stress， and protecting neuronal damage.

Preliminary evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a salvage treatment of tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)for patients with tumor recurrence after liver transplantation(LT).Methods:A single-center retrospective study was conducted for 6 recipients of tumor recurrence after LT on a therapy of ICI admitted into Shulan(Hang Zhou)Hospital from September 2015 to June 2018.The authors examined the occurrences of graft rejection and clinical outcomes of overall response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival after dosing of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.Results:Six patients enrolled with tumor recurrence on a therapy of ICI undergoing LT due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nivolumab (n=4) and duvalizumab (n=2) were administrated.The median session of treatment was 8.3(2-31) cycles.The disease outcomes were stable (3/6, 50%) and progressive (3/6, 50%), The progression-free survival time of 3 disease-controlled patients was 1.5, 16.2 and 18 months and the median survival time after recurrence was 19.75(10.8-37.8) months.Rejection occurred in 1 patients (1/6, 16.7%) and the occurring time of rejection was 28 days after PD-1 inhibitor dosing.After acute rejection, high-dose corticosteroids and immunoglobulin were ineffective and the patient died from acute rejection related liver failure.Conclusions:ICI may be employed as a salvage treatment for tumor recurrence after LT for HCC.Due to a possibility of severe acute rejection, usage should be cautious under close monitoring of liver function.

Investigation of Laboratory and Clinical Feature in the Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Co-expression of BCR-ABL1 and JAK2 V617F / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the comprehensive laboratory test data of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and JAK2 V617F mutation co-expressed in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients, and investigate its relative clinical significance.@*METHODS@#Data of 1 332 MPN patients were comprehensively analyzed, BCR-ABL1 (P190/P210/P230) fusion gene and JAK2 V617F mutation were detected by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, the CALR, MPL, JAK2 12 and 13 exon mutations were detected by the First Generation Sequencing, the bone marrow cell morphology and pathological characteristics were evaluated by bone marrow smear and biopsy technique, the immune phenotypes of bone marrow cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, the chromosome karyotypes of bone marrow cells were analyzed by chromosome G banding technique.@*RESULTS@#Four of the 1 332 patients were found to have the co-existence of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and the JAK2 V617F mutation, with a 0.3% incidence and a median age of 70 years old, including 2 cases of polycythemia vera, 1 case of primary myelofibrosis, and 1 case of chronic myeloid leukemia-accelerated phase. The clues of double positive genes of such patients at the time of initial diagnose could not be cued only by age, physical signs and cell morphology, they should be analyzed by comprehensive test data.@*CONCLUSION@#The co-existence of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and JAK2 V617F mutation in the same case is a kind of disease with special clinical significance. The application of multiple detection methods can improve the detection of this disease, which is conducive to early detection, reasonable diagnosis and treatment by clinicians.

Application of Internet of Things Technology in Isolation Ward / 中国医疗器械杂志

Based on the existing information construction foundation of the isolation ward of the hospital, according to the relevant guidelines issued by the National Health Commission, the management of environmental isolation, disinfection, medical staff management and patient management are discussed, combining the application of Internet of things technology in hospital management, a series of new applications with distinctive features of Internet of Things (IoT) are built, and advanced technology and equipment such as Internet of Things are introduced. Realize the application scenario, implementation method and business mode of intelligent IoT in isolation ward, form an integrated data management center and monitoring system through data intelligent IoT, aggregation and operation, and realize the digital collection, processing, storage, transmission and analysis of medical information, equipment information, personnel information and management information, so as to realize medical closed-loop management, reduce the hidden danger of medical safety in isolated wards and improve the level of medical quality.

Application of removing red blood cell block technique in diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma in bloody pleural effusion / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the value of paraffin-embedded section of cell block in the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma in bloody pleural effusion.Methods:The data of 60 patients with lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed by bloody pleural effusion and confirmed by pathological biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2018 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Cell smears and paraffin-embedded sections of cell blocks using removed red blood cells sedim entation method were used to make cytological examination in bloody pleural effusion. The expressions of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), NapsinA, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), calretinin, P63 and P40 in the specimens were detected by using immunohistochemistry. The results of histopathological examination were used as the gold standard, and the diagnostic values of cell block paraffin-embedded sections and cell smears for lung adenocarcinoma in bloody pleural effusion were evaluated and compared.Results:The cell block sections had a clear background, clear and easy to distinguish cell morphology, and can be made into permanent specimens. The bloody pleural effusion cell smears results of 60 cases of lung adenocarcinoma showed that 21 cases were diagnosed as atypical cells, 39 cases were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, and the coincidence rate with the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma by histopathological examination results was 65% (39/60); the immunohistochemistry results of cell block paraffin-embedded sections of bloody pleural effusion showed that CK7, NapsinA, TTF-1 and CEA were positive, and P40, P63, CK5/6 and calretinin were negative, all 60 cases were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma according to the results, and the coincidence rate with the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma by histopathological examination results was 100% (60/60), which was significantly higher than that of cytological smears ( χ2 = 23.088, P < 0.01). Conclusions:The technique of paraffin-embedded section of cell block using removed red blood cells sedim entation method has a high diagnostic rate for lung adenocarcinoma in bloody pleural effusion, and it has a high coincidence rate with histopathological diagnosis. It can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma in bloody pleural effusion, and it also has a good reference value for cytological typing.

Research Progress in Genetic Research of Fatigue / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Fatigue refers to the manifestation of disorders in the process of carrying out or maintaining random activities， which can be regarded as an independent disease or as a symptom in a variety of chronic diseases. The high incidence of fatigue has seriously affected people's physical and mental health， and the prevention and treatment of fatigue has become an important problem to be solved urgently. The pathogenesis of fatigue mainly includes energy consumpation， accumulation of metabolites， abnormal secretion of neurotransmitters， decline of mitochondrial function， dysfunction of hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis， etc. At present， there is no unified understanding about the pathogenesis of fatigue at home and abroad. The gene research of fatigue is the current research frontier. Gene expression profiling provides a new method for the study of the mechanism of fatigue. The combination of gene chip technology and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） theory is expected to bring a breakthrough in the study of the pathogenesis of fatigue. In the study of fatigue gene chip， messenger RNA（mRNA） and microRNA（miRNA） are the common research objects， but few explorations are focused on the gene expression rule of fatigue by a specific signaling pathway and the effective regulation targets of TCM for treating fatigue. In recent years， the dysfunction of reward and inhibition mechanism in the central nervous system has become a research hotspot. In particular， gamma amino butyric acid （GABA） and dopamine （DA） have attracted much attention as the main substances of inhibition and reward mechanism， respectively. GABA and DA are used as inhibition and reward mechanisms to maintain the balance， and the body will not feel fatigue. Once the balance is broken， the fatigue will be formed. At the same time， DA and GABA receptors can also regulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway（cAMP） to affect fatigue. The research on key genes in GABA/DA balance mechanism and related cAMP signaling pathway by gene chip technology is expected to reveal the pathogenesis of fatigue in depth. The gene chip method is used to detect the changes of key genes in GABA/DA pathway and the related cAMP signaling pathway in the fatigue population and the normal population， so as to further explore the pathogenesis of fatigue. In this paper， the key genes in GABA/DA balance mechanism and cAMP signaling pathway related to fatigue were summarized by using the review method， so as to provide the basis for further study on the pathogenesis of fatigue and effective prevention and treatment from the perspective of genetics.

Intervention Effect and Mechanism of Fufang Huangbaiye Tuji on Skin with Deep Ⅱ Degree Burn Wound / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the intervention effect and underlying mechanism of Fufang Huangbaiye Tuji （FFHBY） on skin with deep Ⅱ degree burn wound. Method:Patients with deep Ⅱ degree burn of fire-toxin injuring fluid syndrome diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University from June 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into a control group （iodophor solution， 35 mL per 1% body surface area）， a low-dose treatment group （FFHBY， 17.5 mL per 1% body surface area）， and a high-dose treatment group （FFHBY， 35 mL per 1% body surface area）， 40 cases in each group. The patients in each group were treated correspondingly with dressing chance once per day. The pathological changes of the wound were observed on the 14th day after treatment. Wound symptoms and signs in each group before treatment and on the 7th， 14th， and 21st days after treatment were quantified， and the clinical efficacy on the 21st day after treatment was evaluated. Wound healing rates in each group were calculated on the 7th， 14th， and 21st days after treatment. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， fibroblast growth factor （FGF）-2， FGF-7， epidermal growth factor （EGF）， interleukin （IL）-10， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-<italic>α</italic>， and Caspase-3 in wound tissues were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-<italic>κ</italic>B） p65 expression in wound surface was detected by immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis rate in wound tissues was determined by the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeding assay （TUNEL） method. Result:There was no significant difference in scores of symptoms and signs among groups before treatment. Compared with the control group， the treatment groups showed no significant difference in wound healing rates on the 7th day after treatment and increased healing rates on the 14th and 21st day after treatment（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The clinical efficacy in the treatment groups was superior to that in the control group on the 21st day after treatment. Additionally， the treatment groups also showed decreased scores of local symptoms and signs， increased levels of VEGF， FGF-2， FGF-7， EGF， and IL-10， and dwindled apoptosis rate and levels of Caspase-3， TNF-α， and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65 expression in wound tissues on the 7th，14th and 21st day after treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The high-dose treatment group was superior to the low-dose treatment group in the above indicators （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Histopathological examination showed that inflammatory cell infiltration was relieved in the treatment groups as compared with that in the control group， and the high-dose treatment group exhibited superior efficacy. Conclusion:FFHBY had an obvious therapeutic effect on deep Ⅱ degree burn. It could promote wound healing by up-regulating the level of growth factors， improving inflammatory response， and inhibiting cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.

Efficacy of Fufang Huangbaiye Tuji on Inflammation on Skin with Deep Ⅱ Degree Burn and Its Dose-effect Relationship / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of different doses of Fufang Huangbaiye Tuji asin the treatment onof the inflammatory response in healing process for of skin with deep Ⅱ degree burn. Methods in healing process. Methods:The 120 cses patients with deep Ⅱ degree burn of fire-toxin injuring fluid syndrome diagnosed in the affiliated hospital of Chengde Medical University between June 2019 and March 2020 were randomly divided into control group，low -dose treatment group and high -dose treatment group，with 40 cases in each group and once. They got a dressing change perevery day. Control group was locally administered with lodophor solution 35 mL per 1% on the body surface area. Low-dose treatment group was locally administered with compound cortex phellodendri fluid 17.5 mL per 1% on the body surface area，while high-dose treatment group was locally administered with compound cortex phellodendri fluid 35 mL per 1% on the body surface area. Observe theThe inflammatory reaction of wound surface in each group onwas observed at admission and after treatment. The pathological changes of each groupsgroup were observed， and determination of nuclear factor kappa-B（NF-<italic>κ</italic>B） p65 expression inon the wound surface was determined by immunohistochemistry on the 4th day after the treatment. The levels of interleukin（IL）-2，IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α in wound tissue were measured with ELISA and Bacterial culture and count were performed in each group on the 4^th，10^th and 21^st daydays after treatment. The levels of IL-2，IL-8 and TNF-α in wound tissue were measured with ELISA. Results:There was no significant difference in the degree of wound inflammation in each group at admission，and the degree of relief after treatment was positively correlated with the treatment time. At the simultaneous phase point，the inflammatory reaction was severest in control group，which was followed by low-dose treatment group and high-dose treatment group. Bacterial growth were observed on the 4^th day in control group，which was found in low-dose and high-dose treatment groups on the 10^th day，the detection rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the highest. Compared with control group，the mean integrated optical density of NF-<italic>κ</italic>B p65 in wound tissue decreased markedly in low-dose and high-dose treatment groups on the 4th day after treatment（<italic>P</italic><0.05），the bacterial count decreased significantly in low-dose and high-dose treatment groups on the 10^th and 21^st days after treatment（<italic>P</italic><0.05），and the levels of IL-2，IL-8 and TNF-<italic>α</italic> in wound tissue decreased markedly in low-dose and high-dose treatment groups on the 4^th，10^th and 21^st days after treatment（<italic>P</italic><0.05），with statistically significant differences between low-dose and high-dose treatment groups（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Histopathological examination showed that inflammatory granulocytes and edema were improved in low-dose and high-dose treatment groups compared with control group，with a more significant performance in high-dose treatment group. Conclusion:The external application of compound cortex phellodendri fluid can reduce thebacterial growth of bacteria in on the wound surface，which may reduce the inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the production and release of inflammatory mediators，with a certain dose-effcteffect relationship，and is worth clinical promotion.

New Advane of Reaserch on Relationship between Long Noncoding RNA and Acute Myeloid Leukemia--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Acute myeloid leukemia（AML）is a myelopoietic stem/progenitor malignant disease. The exact etiology of this leukemia remains unclear, thus it is important to explore the pathogenesis of AML and to discover the new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. The long non coding RNA (lnc RNA) is a class of RNA molecules with transcripts over 200 nucleotides in eukaryotic cells which almost don't possess the ability to code proteins, but can regulate the expression of other genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, thereby participate in occurrence and development of varied tumors. Of late years, along with the deepening of study, the lncRNA roles played in the AML have been reported and confirmed. In this review, the relationships between the IncRNA (UCA1, ANRIL, H19, HOTAIR, CCAT1, ZFAS1, LINC00152, HOXA-A52, NEAT1, TUG1, IRAIN1, PANDAR, LINC00899, SNHG5, and KCNQ1OT1) and AML is summarized briefly, so as to provide the potential basis for the clinical diagnosis and therapy of AML.

Establishment and analysis of mouse model of acute antibody-mediated rejection in heart transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To establish a mouse model of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in heart transplantation and to analyze its characteristics. Methods Mouse models of heart transplantation and skin transplantation were established. According to different treatment methods, all animals were divided into the homologous control group, non-sensitized group, pre-sensitized group and pre-sensitized+ ciclosporin group (9 donors and 9 recipients in each group). The graft survival time, donor-specific antibody (DSA) level and pathological manifestations of each group were observed, and the characteristics of rejection were analyzed. Results In the homologous control group, the cardiac grafts of the mice survived for a long period of time during the 3-month observation period. The survival time of the cardiac grafts in the non-sensitized group, pre-sensitized group and pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group was (7.0±0.7) d, (2.6±0.5) d and (5.0±0.7) d, respectively. The differences among the groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). The DSA level in the pre-sensitized group was significantly elevated than the baseline level at 3 d after heart transplantation, and that in the pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group was remarkably up-regulated at 5 d after heart transplantation, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The pathological manifestation of the non-sensitized group was the myocardial cell destruction, the formation of interstitial inflammation, mild C4d deposition and a large amount of CD3 cell infiltration. The pathological manifestations of the pre-sensitized group and the pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group showed myocardial cell destruction, capillary inflammation and a large amount of C4d deposition, whereas the amount of CD3 cell infiltration in the pre-sensitized group was more than that in the pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group. Conclusions The use of ciclosporin on the basis of heart transplantation and skin transplantation between different strains of mice can successfully establish a practical acute AMR model in mouse heart transplantation, which provides the basis for subsequent AMR pathogenesis and intervention research.

Mechanisms of doxorubicin resistance of breast cancer MCF-7 cells mediated by exosomes / 药学学报

This study aimed to explore the roles of exosomes in doxorubicin-resistance in breast cancer cells. Using breast cancer parental cell line (MCF-7), doxorubicin-resistant cell line (MCF-7/ADR) and sensitive cell line co-cultured with doxorubicin-resistant supernatant (MCF-7/EXO) as models, the effects of doxorubicin on proliferation or apoptosis of MCF-7, MCF-7/EXO and MCF-7/ADR cells were detected by CCK8, and light or fluorescent microscopy. Exosomes in the supernatants of cell culture were extracted by ultracentrifugation, and the quantity of exosomes was determined by transmission electron microscopy, BCA and DiI labeling assay. Expression levels of exosome-specific biomarkers CD63 and Flotillin-1 were detected by Western blot. The uptake of MCF-7/ADR cell-derived exosomes by MCF-7 cells was observed by laser confocal microscopy. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of multidrug resistance protein ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) in all three cell strains. Cell proliferation assays showed that IC50 of MCF-7/EXO cells to doxorubicin was 0.83 ± 0.09 μmol·L-1, which was significantly higher than 0.15 ± 0.05 μmol·L-1 (P<0.01) of MCF-7 cells, suggesting 5.5 times of increase in drug resistance. Apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was induced after doxorubicin treatment (P<0.001), but MCF-7/EXO cells were not significantly different (P>0.05). Exosome quantification and specific marker detection showed that MCF-7/EXO cells had significantly more exosomes than MCF-7 cells (P<0.05). PKH67 tracer markers indicated that MCF-7/ADR-derived exosomes could be taken up by MCF-7 cells. Western blot showed that the expression level of ABCB1 protein in MCF-7/EXO cells was significantly higher than that in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that exosomes of doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells can transmit drug resistance to sensitive cells, and the underlying mechanism may involve ABCB1 protein transport mediated by exosomes.

Advances in understanding exosomes-mediated tumor chemoresistance / 药学学报

Chemotherapy plays an essential role in controlling tumor growth and progression. However, long-term use of chemotherapeutic drugs usually results in drug resistance in tumor cells, leading to treatment failure and disease progression. The mechanism of tumor resistance to chemotherapy and the strategy of prevention or reversal of such resistance have always been hot issues in cancer therapy research. Exosomes are small spherical vesicles secreted by cells with a diameter of 40-100 nm. They carry a variety of bioactive small molecules (including DNA, ncRNA, RNA, and proteins) and participate in regulation of cell microenvironment, thereby affecting a variety of physiological and pathological activities in the body. In recent years, studies have shown that exosomes play an important role in cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy, metastasis, and immune escape. This article reviews the role and mechanism of exosomes in the development of drug resistance in tumors, and aims to provide new ideas for the prevention or treatment of tumor resistance.

Role of lncRNA Fez family zinc finger protein 1 antisense RNA1 in hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of long-chain non-coding RNA Fez family zinc finger protein 1 antisense RNA1 (lncRNA FEZF1-AS1) on the biological function of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).@*Methods@#SMMC771 and BEL-7402 cells were transfected with sh-FEZF1-AS1 and OE-FEZF1-AS1, respectively. The expression of lncRNA FEZF1-AS1 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The effects of lncRNA FEZF1-AS1 on invasion and migration were detected by Transwell and wound healing assays. The expression levels of adhesion molecules were detected by Western blot. The effect of lncRNA FEZF1-AS1 on the in vivo growth was verified by nude mice xenograft experiments.@*Results@#The silencing or ectopic expression of lncRNA FEZF1-AS1 inhibited or promoted the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. CCK-8 assay showed that the proliferation abilities of SMMC7721 and BEL-7402 cells in sh-FEZF1-AS1 transfection group significantly decreased, achieving (35.43±4.06)% and (34.68±3.97)%, respectively, on the fifth day. There were significant differences between sh-FEZF1-AS1 group and sh-NC group [52.21±8.46)% and (53.76±7.64)%] (all P<0.05). In contrast, the proliferation ability of SMMC7721 and BEL-7402 cells transfected with OE-FEZF1-AS1 was significantly increased, achieving (83.49±6.92)% and (80.31±3.13)%, respectively, on the fifth day. There were significant differences between OE-FEZF1-AS1 and OE-NC group [53.03±8.84)% and (55.11±7.09)%] (all P<0.05). The subsequent flow cytometry results showed that cell apoptotic rates of SMMC7721 and BEL-7402 cells transfected with sh-FEZF1-AS1 were (13.02±1.38)% and (11.88±1.29)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in sh-NC groups [(5.57±1.46)% and (8.06±1.42)%, respectively, all P<0.05]. In contrast, the apoptotic rates of SMMC7721 and BEL-7402 cells transfected with OE-FEZF1-AS1 were (3.01±0.39)% and (3.22±0.43)%, which were significantly lower than those in OE-NC groups [(6.68±0.96)% and (6.63±0.45)%, all P<0.05]. In addition, knockdown or overexpression of lncRNA FEZF1-AS1 expression inhibited or enhanced the migration and invasion abilities as well as the levels of adhesion molecules in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. After 30 days of feeding under the same conditions, the tumor volumes of sh-FEZF1-AS1 and sh-NC SMMC7721 cells xenograft mice models were (0.26±0.03) cm3 and (0.63±0.06) cm3, respectively, showing significant difference (P<0.05). The tumor volumes of sh-FEZF1-AS1 and sh-NC BEL-7402 cells were (0.31±0.02) cm3 and (0.72±0.08) cm3, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#lncRNA FEZF1-AS1 may strengthen the growth, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumor: a clinicopathologic analysis of seven cases / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). Methods Features of pathology and immunohistochemical stains of 7 cases of intrapulmonary SFT were described, with review of the literatures. Results There were 4 females and 3 males in the 7 cases, aged from 24 to 65. The tumors were located in the right lobe of lung. Clinically the patients were characterized by coughing and chest pain. The tumor size ranged from 1.2 to 9.0 cm. Microscopically, it was consistent with SFT in other sites;the lesion displayed a histologic pattern with alternate hypercellular and hypocellular areas;tumor cells were admixed with collagenous stroma and arranged in bundles or swirl or hemangiopericytoma-like pattern. The cells presented short spindle, light to moderate atypia and were characterized by low mitose activity (<4/10 HPF);there was necrosis in 2 cases and epithelioid cells in 1 case;there was slite-like structure lined by benign alveolar epithelium of in all 7 cases.Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, STAT6, CD34, BCL-2 and CD99 in areas and negative for others. Conclusion Intrapulmonary SFT is fairly rare. Its diagnosis relies mainly on imaging and histopathology and immunohistochemistry helps to distinguish it from other tumors such as pulmonary adenofibroma, malignant mesothelioma, synovial sarcoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, the primary pulmonary meningioma. Patients have good prognosis, and radical surgery is a priority. We should pay more attention to long-term follow-up for the patients.